The research

Evidence library

The studies and guidelines behind this website, each summarised the same way: who was studied, which product, how, what was found, and the limitations.

A light-filled archive of transparent research records connected by a blue provenance path. — Conceptual visualization of evidence traceability and public programme reporting — not a claim of certainty or approval.

In plain language

Clinical high risk of psychosis is well described: most people who meet the criteria do not develop psychosis, and an updated meta-analysis estimated that about one in four do within three years (pooled estimate). Source: Salazar de Pablo et al. 2021 Psychological therapy is the recommended first step, but no treatment has been proven to prevent psychosis. Source: Davies et al. 2018

Research on cannabidiol (CBD) in psychosis is early: small, short studies of other CBD products, with mixed results. None of them used NWPT-SM32300. Evidence about NWPT-SM32300 itself so far comes only from a Phase 1 study in healthy volunteers, whose results are not yet published.

How evidence is labelled

These labels are used on the research sections of this website and on the study cards below, one label at a time. Negative, mixed, inconclusive and not-conducted findings are also flagged on the cards.

Established

Consistent evidence, systematic reviews, regulatory decisions or clinical guidelines.

Emerging evidence

Small, short or early studies. Informative, not confirmed.

Open question

Not yet known; what research aims to answer.

Programme information

Facts about NWPT-SM32300 and our own studies. Not an assessment of evidence strength.

Clinical need

Established

The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review

Population: People meeting clinical high-risk criteria (review of the field)
Product: Not applicable
Design: Narrative state-of-the-art review
Finding: Describes how the high-risk state is defined and assessed, including attenuated psychotic symptoms and brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms.
Limitations: A narrative review, not a systematic estimate of outcomes.

Source: Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, et al. The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(1):107-120. DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.269 · PubMed 23165428

Clinical need

Established

Prevalence of individuals at clinical high-risk of psychosis in the general population and clinical samples: systematic review and meta-analysis

Population: 37,135 people assessed in 35 studies
Product: Not applicable
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Finding: Clinical high-risk states were uncommon in the general population (1.7%) and much more common among young people already seeking help from services (19.2%).
Limitations: Estimates depend on how and where people were sampled; confidence intervals are wide.

Source: Salazar de Pablo G, Woods SW, Drymonitou G, et al. Prevalence of individuals at clinical high-risk of psychosis in the general population and clinical samples: systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Sci. 2021;11(11):1544. DOI 10.3390/brainsci11111544 · PubMed 34827543

Current care

Established

Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management (CG178)

Population: Adults considered at increased risk of psychosis
Product: Not applicable
Design: National clinical guideline
Finding: Offer individual CBT, with or without family intervention. Do not offer antipsychotic medication to people at increased risk or to reduce the risk of or prevent psychosis.
Limitations: Applies in England; guidance differs elsewhere.

Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management (CG178). NICE clinical guideline. Published 12 February 2014; last updated 4 September 2026. Official source

Current care

Established

Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management (CG155)

Population: Children and young people considered at increased risk
Product: Not applicable
Design: National clinical guideline (updated 2016)
Finding: For children and young people considered at increased risk of psychosis, consider individual CBT with or without family intervention (recommendation 1.2.5). Do not offer antipsychotic medication with the aim of decreasing the risk of psychosis (recommendation 1.2.6).
Limitations: Applies in England; guidance differs elsewhere.

Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management (CG155). NICE clinical guideline. Published 23 January 2013; last updated 26 October 2016. Official source

Prediction and outcomes

Established

At clinical high risk for psychosis: outcome for nonconverters

Population: People at clinical high risk who did not develop psychosis (NAPLS cohort)
Product: Not applicable
Design: Longitudinal follow-up of a multisite cohort
Finding: People who did not develop psychosis were a mixed group: some recovered, others kept milder symptoms and difficulties.
Limitations: One North American cohort; exact remission percentages not quoted here.

Source: Addington J, Cornblatt BA, Cadenhead KS, et al. At clinical high risk for psychosis: outcome for nonconverters. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(8):800-805. DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10081191 · PubMed 21498462

Prediction and outcomes

Established

Predicting psychosis: meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk

Population: People at clinical high risk in published cohorts
Product: Not applicable
Design: Meta-analysis
Finding: Pooled risk of developing psychosis rose over time: 18% at 6 months, 22% at 1 year, 29% at 2 years and 36% at 3 years.
Limitations: Earlier literature; transition rates in later studies were lower (see Salazar de Pablo et al. 2021).

Source: Fusar-Poli P, Bonoldi I, Yung AR, et al. Predicting psychosis: meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(3):220-229. DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1472 · PubMed 22393215

Prediction and outcomes

Established

Probability of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk: an updated meta-analysis

Population: 9,222 people at clinical high risk in 130 studies
Product: Not applicable
Design: Meta-analysis reporting a pooled estimate and, separately, Kaplan–Meier cumulative transition probabilities
Finding: Pooled estimate: about one in four (25%) developed psychosis within 3 years. Kaplan–Meier cumulative estimates, a separate analysis: 8% at 6 months, 14% at 1 year, 20% at 2 years, 27% at 3 years and 35% at 10 years. Wide variation between studies.
Limitations: Estimates span different services and criteria; individual risk varies. The pooled and Kaplan–Meier results are separate analyses and are not combined into one series. Neither is interchangeable with the older Fusar-Poli 2012 pooled averages.

Source: Salazar de Pablo G, Radua J, Pereira J, et al. Probability of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk: an updated meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(9):970-978. DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0830 · PubMed 34259821

Interventions

Not conducted

Cannabidiol as a treatment for patients who are clinically at high risk of developing psychosis: learnings from the CANTOP-RCT

Population: Planned: about 300 people at clinical high risk across UK sites
Product: CBD 600 mg/day vs placebo for 6 months (planned)
Design: Planned Phase IIb randomised trial
Finding: The study did not start owing to challenges in securing supply of the study drug.
Limitations: Not an efficacy finding. Included because it explains why a larger trial is still missing.

Source: Bhattacharyya S, Davies C, et al. Cannabidiol as a treatment for patients who are clinically at high risk of developing psychosis: learnings from the CANTOP-RCT. Publisher: NIHR Journals Library. Published March 2025; recommended citation: Efficacy Mech Eval 2026;13(7):197–214. DOI 10.3310/YNFH9826 · PubMed 40096425

Interventions

EstablishedInconclusive

Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Population: 1,246 people at clinical high risk in 11 randomised trials
Product: Psychological, omega-3 and antipsychotic interventions
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Finding: CBT was associated with fewer transitions to psychosis at 12 months (risk ratio 0.54), on moderate-quality evidence. Evidence for other interventions was low quality. The review did not conclude that any specific intervention is proven.
Limitations: Small trials; evidence quality mostly low to moderate.

Source: Stafford MR, et al. Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f185. DOI 10.1136/bmj.f185 · PubMed 23335473

Interventions

EstablishedInconclusive

Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta-analysis

Population: Randomised trials in people at clinical high risk
Product: Psychological, pharmacological and nutritional interventions
Design: Network meta-analysis
Finding: No evidence that any one preventive intervention works better than the others.
Limitations: Few, small trials per intervention.

Source: Davies C, et al. Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta-analysis. World Psychiatry. 2018;17(2):196-209. DOI 10.1002/wps.20526 · PubMed 29856551

Interventions

Established

Comprehensive versus usual community care for first-episode psychosis: 2-year outcomes from the NIMH RAISE Early Treatment Program

Population: 404 people with first-episode psychosis at 34 US clinics
Product: Coordinated specialty care (NAVIGATE), not a medicine
Design: Cluster-randomised trial; 2 years
Finding: People receiving coordinated specialty care stayed in treatment longer and had better quality of life, symptoms and involvement in work or school; benefits were larger when untreated psychosis had been shorter.
Limitations: People with first-episode psychosis, not clinical high risk; US community clinics.

Source: Kane JM, et al. Comprehensive versus usual community care for first-episode psychosis: 2-year outcomes from the NIMH RAISE Early Treatment Program. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173(4):362-372. DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15050632 · PubMed 26481174

CBD research

Established

Epidyolex 100 mg/ml oral solution: Summary of Product Characteristics

Population: Patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome or tuberous sclerosis complex
Product: Epidyolex (a different cannabidiol medicine)
Design: Regulatory product information
Finding: The UK product information lists Epidyolex as an add-on treatment for seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut or Dravet syndrome, together with clobazam, and for seizures associated with tuberous sclerosis complex, in patients aged 2 years and older. Its side effects include sleepiness and raised liver enzymes (especially with valproate); interacts with clobazam.
Limitations: Epilepsy populations at higher doses per kg; not evidence about psychosis.

Source: Epidyolex 100 mg/ml oral solution: Summary of Product Characteristics. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Date of revision of the text 8 June 2026. Official source

CBD research

Established

Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome

Population: 120 children and young adults with Dravet syndrome
Product: Purified oral CBD solution (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Finding: CBD 20 mg/kg/day reduced convulsive seizures versus placebo. Common side effects included diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, sleepiness and abnormal liver tests.
Limitations: Epilepsy, not psychosis; cited here for safety information.

Source: Devinsky O, et al. Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(21):2011-2020. DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1611618 · PubMed 28538134

CBD research

Established

The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study

Population: 901 people with first-episode psychosis and 1,237 controls, 11 sites
Product: Street cannabis (THC), not CBD
Design: Case-control study
Finding: Daily cannabis use, and especially daily use of high-potency (high-THC) cannabis, was associated with higher odds of psychotic disorder.
Limitations: Association, not proof of cause; about THC-rich cannabis, not CBD.

Source: Di Forti M, et al. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(5):427-436. DOI 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30048-3 · PubMed 30902669

CBD research

Emerging evidence

Opposite effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on human brain function and psychopathology

Population: 15 healthy men (plus 6 in a pretreatment experiment)
Product: Oral THC and CBD (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Experimental brain-imaging study
Finding: THC and CBD had opposite effects on activity in several brain regions; CBD pretreatment prevented THC-induced psychotic symptoms in a small group.
Limitations: Very small, healthy volunteers, single doses; mechanism, not clinical benefit.

Source: Bhattacharyya S, Morrison PD, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Opposite effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on human brain function and psychopathology. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(3):764-774. DOI 10.1038/npp.2009.184 · PubMed 19924114

CBD research

Emerging evidence

Cannabidiol (CBD) as an adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Population: 88 adults with schizophrenia already taking antipsychotics
Product: Oral CBD solution, 1,000 mg/day (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled; 6 weeks
Finding: Positive psychotic symptoms fell more with CBD than placebo (small difference), and clinicians more often rated patients as improved. Generally well tolerated.
Limitations: Small, short, add-on treatment in established schizophrenia; not people at clinical high risk.

Source: McGuire P, Robson P, Cubala WJ, et al. Cannabidiol (CBD) as an adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(3):225-231. DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17030325 · PubMed 29241357

CBD research

Emerging evidence

Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia

Population: 42 inpatients with acute schizophrenia
Product: Oral CBD up to 800 mg/day (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Randomised, double-blind, active comparator (amisulpride); 4 weeks
Finding: Symptoms improved similarly with CBD and amisulpride; CBD had fewer movement side effects, less weight gain and a smaller prolactin rise.
Limitations: Small and short; no placebo group, so the size of any CBD effect alone is uncertain.

Source: Leweke FM, et al. Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry. 2012;2(3):e94. DOI 10.1038/tp.2012.15 · PubMed 22832859

CBD research

Emerging evidenceNegative finding

The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on cognition and symptoms in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia: a randomized placebo controlled trial

Population: 36 outpatients with chronic schizophrenia
Product: Oral CBD 600 mg/day (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled; 6 weeks
Finding: No improvement in cognition or symptoms compared with placebo.
Limitations: Small; lower dose than some other studies; stable chronic patients.

Source: Boggs DL, Surti T, et al. The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on cognition and symptoms in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018;235(7):1923-1932. DOI 10.1007/s00213-018-4885-9 · PubMed 29619533

CBD research

Emerging evidence

Effect of cannabidiol on medial temporal, midbrain, and striatal dysfunction in people at clinical high risk of psychosis: a randomized clinical trial

Population: 33 people at clinical high risk (16 CBD, 17 placebo) and 19 healthy volunteers
Product: Single oral CBD 600 mg dose (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled brain-imaging study
Finding: During a memory task, brain activity with CBD was intermediate between the placebo group and healthy volunteers in several regions.
Limitations: Single dose; brain-activity measures, not symptoms or outcomes.

Source: Bhattacharyya S, et al. Effect of cannabidiol on medial temporal, midbrain, and striatal dysfunction in people at clinical high risk of psychosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(11):1107-1117. DOI 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2309 · PubMed 30167644

CBD research

Emerging evidenceMixed findings

Effects of short-term cannabidiol treatment on response to social stress in subjects at clinical high risk of developing psychosis

Population: 32 people at clinical high risk and 26 healthy volunteers
Product: Oral CBD 600 mg/day for 7 days (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental study
Finding: Anxiety and stress responses to a public-speaking test were intermediate between placebo and healthy volunteers. The cortisol response did not differ significantly from placebo.
Limitations: One week; laboratory stress test, not clinical outcomes.

Source: Appiah-Kusi E, et al. Effects of short-term cannabidiol treatment on response to social stress in subjects at clinical high risk of developing psychosis. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2020;237(4):1121-1130. DOI 10.1007/s00213-019-05442-6 · PubMed 31915861

CBD research

Emerging evidence

Effects of cannabidiol on symptoms in people at clinical high risk for psychosis

Population: 33 people at clinical high risk (16 CBD, 17 placebo)
Product: Oral CBD 600 mg/day for 21 days (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Randomised, placebo-controlled; published as a short research letter
Finding: After adjusting for starting scores, symptom and distress scores were lower with CBD than placebo; CBD was well tolerated.
Limitations: Very small, three weeks, short-letter format; not yet confirmed in a larger trial.

Source: Bhattacharyya S, Appiah-Kusi E, Wilson R, et al. Effects of cannabidiol on symptoms in people at clinical high risk for psychosis. World Psychiatry. 2024;23(3):451-452. DOI 10.1002/wps.21253 · PubMed 39279373

CBD research

Established

Critical aspects affecting cannabidiol oral bioavailability and metabolic elimination, and related clinical implications

Population: Review of human pharmacokinetic studies
Product: Cannabidiol in general (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Review
Finding: Taken by mouth while fasting, only about 6% of a CBD dose is estimated to reach the bloodstream; a high-fat meal increases this about fourfold. Much of each dose is broken down by the liver before reaching the circulation.
Limitations: Review of other CBD preparations; figures vary between studies.

Source: Perucca E, Bialer M. Critical aspects affecting cannabidiol oral bioavailability and metabolic elimination, and related clinical implications. CNS Drugs. 2020;34(8):795-800. DOI 10.1007/s40263-020-00741-5 · PubMed 32504461

CBD research

Established

A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects

Population: Healthy adult volunteers
Product: Purified CBD oral solution (not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Phase 1 randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Finding: Described the safety and tolerability of single and repeated doses of purified CBD in healthy adults, and found that a high-fat meal increased CBD exposure.
Limitations: Healthy volunteers; a different CBD product. A published correction exists.

Source: Taylor L, et al. A Phase I, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose, Multiple Dose, and Food Effect Trial of the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Highly Purified Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects. CNS Drugs. 2018;32(11):1053-1067. DOI 10.1007/s40263-018-0578-5 · PubMed 30374683

Cannabinoid science and medicines

Added for the Science pages.

Cannabinoid science

Official information

Information for Health Care Professionals: Cannabis (marihuana, marijuana) and the cannabinoids

Population: Not applicable
Product: Not applicable
Design: Health Canada reference for health care professionals (Spring 2018)
Finding: Describes the components of the endocannabinoid system: the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, endocannabinoids such as anandamide and 2-AG, and the enzymes that make and break them down.
Limitations: A 2018 reference, used here only for basic biology; not current clinical, dosing or regulatory guidance.

Source: Health Canada. Information for Health Care Professionals: Cannabis (marihuana, marijuana) and the cannabinoids. Spring 2018. Section 1.0, The Endocannabinoid System: Components of the endocannabinoid system. Official source

Cannabinoid science

Official information

About cannabis

Population: Not applicable
Product: THC and CBD, two of the chemical substances in cannabis
Design: Health Canada public information
Finding: States that THC causes the high and intoxication, and that, unlike THC, CBD does not produce a high or intoxication.
Limitations: General information; not evidence about a particular product, dose or condition.

Source: Health Canada. About cannabis. Sections: THC; CBD. Official source

Cannabinoid science

Official information

Cannabidiol (CBD)

Population: Not applicable
Product: Cannabidiol (CBD)
Design: Health Canada public information
Finding: States that CBD is not intoxicating but does have an effect on the brain.
Limitations: General information about CBD and its regulation in Canada; not evidence about a particular product, dose or condition.

Source: Health Canada. Cannabidiol (CBD). Section: Where CBD comes from. Official source

Cannabinoid science

Laboratory

Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor

Population: Cells expressing CB1 receptors (laboratory)
Product: Cannabidiol applied to cells
Design: Laboratory (cell) experiments
Finding: In cell experiments, CBD reduced CB1 signalling in response to THC and to 2-AG (2-arachidonylglycerol), consistent with negative allosteric modulation of CB1.
Limitations: A laboratory mechanism, not evidence of clinical protection in people.

Source: Laprairie RB, et al. Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2015. DOI 10.1111/bph.13250

Cannabinoid science

Mixed finding

Cannabidiol inhibits THC-elicited paranoid symptoms and hippocampal-dependent memory impairment

Population: 48 healthy participants
Product: Oral CBD or placebo before intravenous THC (experimental challenge)
Design: Randomised, placebo-controlled, between-subjects experiment
Finding: CBD pretreatment reduced selected paranoia and memory outcomes after THC. The difference in the average positive-symptom (PANSS) score was not statistically significant.
Limitations: Healthy volunteers; route and timing differ from ordinary cannabis use.

Source: Englund A, et al. Cannabidiol inhibits THC-elicited paranoid symptoms and hippocampal-dependent memory impairment. J Psychopharmacol. 2013. DOI 10.1177/0269881112460109 · PubMed 23042808

Cannabinoid science

No protective effect

Does cannabidiol make cannabis safer? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial of cannabis with four different CBD:THC ratios

Population: 46 healthy, infrequent cannabis users
Product: Inhaled (vaporised) cannabis: a fixed THC dose with increasing amounts of CBD
Design: Randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial
Finding: Adding more CBD to a fixed THC dose did not protect against the acute adverse effects measured.
Limitations: An acute experiment with particular CBD:THC ratios; not every possible regimen.

Source: Englund A, et al. Does cannabidiol make cannabis safer? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial of cannabis with four different CBD:THC ratios. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2023. DOI 10.1038/s41386-022-01478-z

Cannabinoid science

Greater impairment

Assessment of orally administered Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol when coadministered with cannabidiol on Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adults: a randomized clinical trial

Population: 18 healthy adults
Product: Oral cannabis extract: the same THC dose with or without a high dose of CBD
Design: Randomised clinical trial (single doses)
Finding: Giving a high oral CBD dose with THC increased THC exposure and impairment compared with the same THC dose alone.
Limitations: Small, single doses; participants also took a mix of probe drugs used to measure drug-metabolising enzymes.

Source: Zamarripa CA, et al. Assessment of orally administered Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol when coadministered with cannabidiol on Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023. DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54752

Cannabinoid science

No protective effect

Does cannabidiol reduce the adverse effects of cannabis in schizophrenia? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial

Population: 30 people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and cannabis use disorder
Product: Oral CBD or placebo before inhaled (vaporised) cannabis
Design: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
Finding: CBD given before cannabis did not reduce its acute effects on memory or psychotic symptoms, and appeared to worsen them.
Limitations: A combination experiment; it does not establish the effects of CBD alone, or of longer treatment, in another population.

Source: Chesney E, et al. Does cannabidiol reduce the adverse effects of cannabis in schizophrenia? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2025. DOI 10.1038/s41386-025-02175-3 · PubMed 40702165

Medicines and regulation

Product information

Sativex oromucosal spray: Summary of Product Characteristics

Population: Adults with moderate to severe spasticity due to multiple sclerosis
Product: Sativex, a THC and CBD oromucosal spray (a different product; not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Regulatory product information
Finding: The UK product information lists Sativex for symptom improvement in adults with moderate to severe spasticity due to multiple sclerosis who have not responded adequately to other anti-spasticity medicines and who show clinically significant improvement during an initial trial of treatment.
Limitations: One product and one indication; not evidence about psychosis.

Source: Sativex Oromucosal Spray: Summary of Product Characteristics. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Official source

Medicines and regulation

Product information

Nabilone 1 mg capsules: Summary of Product Characteristics

Population: Patients receiving cancer chemotherapy
Product: Nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid (a different product; not NWPT-SM32300)
Design: Regulatory product information
Finding: The UK product information lists nabilone for nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy in patients who have not responded adequately to conventional anti-sickness treatments.
Limitations: One product and one indication; not evidence about psychosis.

Source: Nabilone 1 mg Capsules: Summary of Product Characteristics. Electronic Medicines Compendium. Official source

Medicines and regulation

Official guidance

The supply of unlicensed medicinal products (“specials”)

Population: Not applicable
Product: Unlicensed medicinal products
Design: UK regulatory guidance (MHRA)
Finding: Explains the framework under which unlicensed medicinal products can be supplied in the UK, which is separate from a marketing authorisation.
Limitations: A category-level explanation; not patient eligibility or prescribing guidance.

Source: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. The supply of unlicensed medicinal products (“specials”). GOV.UK. Official source

Medicines and regulation

Official guidance

Cannabis-based products for medicinal use (CBPMs)

Population: Not applicable
Product: Cannabis-based products for medicinal use
Design: NHS England guidance
Finding: Explains how cannabis-based products for medicinal use are described and supplied within the NHS in England.
Limitations: A category-level explanation; not patient eligibility or prescribing guidance.

Source: NHS England. Cannabis-based products for medicinal use (CBPMs). Official source

Programme-specific

Programme information

A Phase 1 study to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of novel cannabidiol (CBD) soft-gel capsule formulation (NW300EMCBD) in healthy subjects

Population: 14 healthy adult volunteers aged 18 to 55
Product: NWPT-SM32300 600 mg and 900 mg; Epidyolex comparator
Design: Randomised, open-label, three-period crossover; single doses
Finding: Completed December 2025. Results not yet published.
Limitations: Healthy volunteers, single doses: measures absorption and short-term tolerability, not effectiveness in clinical high risk of psychosis.

Source: NW PharmaTech Ltd (sponsor). A Phase 1 study to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of novel cannabidiol (CBD) soft-gel capsule formulation (NW300EMCBD) in healthy subjects. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07186283; ISRCTN25163383. 2025. DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN25163383

Corrections

26 September 2026 — transition to psychosis (Salazar de Pablo et al., 2021, JAMA Psychiatry). The one-in-four figure (25% within three years) is the paper’s pooled estimate. It had been labelled a Kaplan–Meier estimate on the home page, the family guide, this evidence library and the clinical-need explainer. The paper’s separate Kaplan–Meier series (8% at six months, 14% at one year, 20% at two years, 27% at three years and 35% at ten years) is now shown as a separate analysis, and the two are not combined. The older pooled averages of Fusar-Poli et al., 2012 are unchanged.

Corrections log.

Review history

Evidence reviews
Date	Review	Method
23 September 2026	initial verification	Search-engine summaries of publisher, PubMed, registry and official pages
26 September 2026	correction: Salazar de Pablo 2021 transition figures (pooled and Kaplan–Meier labelled separately)	Published abstract figures, cross-checked against search summaries of the publisher and index pages

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